Про IQ и грудное вскармливание

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Independent of a wide range of possible confounding factors, a significant positive association between duration of breastfeeding and intelligence was observed in 2 independent samples of young adults, assessed with 2 different intelligence tests. A sample of 973 men and women and a sample of 2280 men, all of whom were born in Copenhagen, Denmark, between 1959 and 1961, were divided into 5 categories based on duration of breastfeeding, as assessed by physician interview with mothers at a 1-year examination. Thirteen potential confounders were included as covariates: parental social status and education; single mother status; mother's height, age, and weight gain during pregnancy and cigarette consumption during the third trimester; number of pregnancies; estimated gestational age; birth weight; birth length; and indexes of pregnancy and delivery complications. Duration of breastfeeding was associated with significantly higher scores on the Verbal, Performance, and Full Scale IQs. With regression adjustment for potential confounding factors, the mean IQs were 99.4, 101.7, 102.3, 106.0, and 104.0 for breastfeeding durations of less than 1 month, 2 to 3 months, 4 to 6 months, 7 to 9 months, and more than 9 months, respectively. The corresponding mean scores on the BPP were 38.0, 39.2, 39.9, 40.1, and 40.1

(P=.01 for overall F test). Mortensen EL; et al. “The association between duration of breastfeeding and adult intelligence.” JAMA-Journal-of-the-American-Medical-Association. May 8 2002; 287 (18):2365-2371



A review of 20 published studies on the effects of breastfeeding on infant IQ found that breastfed babies' IQs may be 3 to 5 points higher than those of formula-fed babies. The longer a baby is breast-fed, the greater the benefits to his or her IQ. These benefits were seen from age 6 months through 15 years. Anderson JW et al. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Oct 1999, 70.



School-age phenylketonuric children who had, as infants, been breastfed 20-40 days prior to dietary intervention scored significantly better (IQ advantage of 14.0 points, p = 0.01) than children who had been formula fed. A 12.9 point advantage persisted also after adjusting for social and maternal education status. Riva E et al. "Early breastfeeding is linked to higher intelligence quotient scores in dietary treated phenylketonuric children. Acta Paediatr 1996 Jan;85(1):56-8



Children who had consumed mother's milk by tube in early weeks of life had a significantly higher IQ at 7.5 to 8 years, than those who received no maternal milk, even after adjustment for differences between groups and mothers' educational and social class. Lucas, A., "Breast Milk and Subsequent Intelligence Quotient in Children Born Preterm". Lancet 1992;339:261-62